EL MORRO NATIONAL MONUMENT. On El Morro, sometimes called Inscription Rock, Spanish conquistadores carved records of their journeys from Santa Fe to the "Sea of the South"—the Gulf of California. The earliest Spanish record is dated 1605. There are also ancient Indian petroglyphs on the rock. (Photograph by George A. Grant.)

President Theodore Roosevelt issued proclamations preserving these three national monuments and El Morro, pictured on preceding page, in 1906, the year he signed the Antiquities Act.

DEVILS TOWER NATIONAL MONUMENT. The first national monument. This great fluted column, 865 feet high, is the remains of an ancient volcanic intrusion from which the surrounding earth has eroded away. (Photograph by George A. Grant.)

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT The petrified forests—there are six in the monument—contain the greatest and most colorful concentration of petrified wood known in the world. Giant logs, their wood agatized, lie prostrate, surrounded by numerous broken sections and chips. Rangers must be ever on the alert to prevent visitors from collecting souvenirs here. (Photograph by George A. Grant.)

MONTEZUMA CASTLE NATIONAL MONUMENT. Another 13th-century apartment house, 5 stories high—with no elevators. Access to the various levels was by ladders. Although visitors no longer are taken up into the ruins, which had begun to show signs of disintegration under the wear and tear of thousands of modern boots, the ladders are shown here to indicate various levels at which the Indian dwellers had their diggings. These Indians bore no relation to the famous Montezuma, the last Aztec Emperor. (Photograph by George A. Grant.)